The famous nocturnal Hex hatch of the Midwest (and a few other lucky locations) stirs to the surface mythically large brown trout that only touch streamers for the rest of the year.
First, I'd like to say that I've really enjoyed this site since its inception, and I like it even more w/the new format. There is an incredible wealth of knowledge here.
I have encountered the bug pictured above, in a New York stream. I don't recall it's Latin name, but if memory serves, in Schwiebert's "Nymphs" he refers to it as a Snipe Fly Larva. I have also heard it called a Water Sprite.
I don't have the Nymphs book in front of me, but here's some photos I took a few winters ago. When disturbed, the things would thrash wildly until able to gain a foothold on something. I am considering making highly articulated larvae to mimic this behavior. Appx 1.5 cm.