Tiny Baetis mayflies are perhaps the most commonly encountered and imitated by anglers on all American trout streams due to their great abundance, widespread distribution, and trout-friendly emergence habits.
First, I'd like to say that I've really enjoyed this site since its inception, and I like it even more w/the new format. There is an incredible wealth of knowledge here.
I have encountered the bug pictured above, in a New York stream. I don't recall it's Latin name, but if memory serves, in Schwiebert's "Nymphs" he refers to it as a Snipe Fly Larva. I have also heard it called a Water Sprite.
I don't have the Nymphs book in front of me, but here's some photos I took a few winters ago. When disturbed, the things would thrash wildly until able to gain a foothold on something. I am considering making highly articulated larvae to mimic this behavior. Appx 1.5 cm.