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2. Fly Fishing
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3. Why mayflies dance

However, there are other ways in which selection is likely to favour individuals which are in the nuptial gathering (or at least on its margin) over those that are isolated. Such selection may be sexual; it may work through differences in the chances of obtaining a mate. As one example, consider the swarms of midges that are so common in damp, still, vegetated places in summer. Many species of nematocerous flies have the habit of forming such swarms. Each swarm usually consists of males of a single species and tends to hover in a lixed spot, often near to some conspicuous object. Females come to the swarm and on arrival each is seized by a male. Passing over possible stages in the initiation of such habits, it is at least clear that as soon as proximity to the swarm itself becomes a key to the female’s further co-opera-tion in copulation there is likely to be little chance of mating for the male which does not join the swarm. In such a case the optimal position for a male is probably, not, as it is under predation, at the centre of the throng, and considering how males might endeavour to spend the maximum time in relatively favoured positions, downwind or upwind, above or below, possible explanations for the dancelike motion of such swarms become apparent.