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Lateral view of a Female Hexagenia limbata (Ephemeridae) (Hex) Mayfly Dun from the Namekagon River in Wisconsin
Hex Mayflies
Hexagenia limbata

The famous nocturnal Hex hatch of the Midwest (and a few other lucky locations) stirs to the surface mythically large brown trout that only touch streamers for the rest of the year.

Dorsal view of a Ephemerella mucronata (Ephemerellidae) Mayfly Nymph from the Yakima River in Washington
This is an interesting one. Following the keys in Merritt R.W., Cummins, K.W., and Berg, M.B. (2019) and Jacobus et al. (2014), it keys clearly to Ephemerella. Jacobus et al provide a key to species, but some of the characteristics are tricky to interpret without illustrations. If I didn't make any mistakes, this one keys to Ephemerella mucronata, which has not previously been reported any closer to here than Montana and Alberta. The main character seems to fit well: "Abdominal terga with prominent, paired, subparallel, spiculate ridges." Several illustrations or descriptions of this holarctic species from the US and Europe seem to match, including the body length, tarsal claws and denticles, labial palp, and gill shapes. These sources include including Richard Allen's original description of this species in North America under the now-defunct name E. moffatae in Allen RK (1977) and the figures in this description of the species in Italy.
27" brown trout, my largest ever. It was the sub-dominant fish in its pool. After this, I hooked the bigger one, but I couldn't land it.
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Lateral view of a Brachycentrus appalachia (Brachycentridae) (Apple Caddis) Caddisfly Adult from the West Branch of the Delaware River in New York
I captured this specimen in the same color as this photograph, during its egg-laying flight. The emergers are much lighter.
Martinlf
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Palmyra PA

Posts: 3047
Martinlf on May 7, 2009May 7th, 2009, 3:43 am EDT
I happened to be in the right place at the right time for my first Apple Caddis emergence a week or so ago, and caught fish on a Tulpehocken Creek Outfitter's emerger pattern that I tied years ago, but have never used before. It's something like a CDC mayfly emerger, tied on a scud hook, with a puff of CDC at the head to float the body, which remain subsurface. I also had tied in a few long Wood Duck barbules at the throat for legs. This experience led me to wonder if a similar fly might work for selective fish when dark Grannoms emerge. All day long during the Grannom hatch, I typically fish the CDC adult pattern that I posted a while back, and do OK, but last week the fish I was fishing over would have nothing to do with an Apple Caddis CDC adult during the emergence--though they took it during egg laying on flat water in the evening. Do the Grannoms and Apple Caddis have similar emergence behavior? I realize that a number of variables may have been at play. The fish I was fising over during the Apple Caddis emergence are notoriously picky, and they were feeding in a shallow riffle. The fish I target for dark Grannoms are in a different river and they are generally less picky, and see fewer flies. Also, I haven't fished over them for dark Grannoms in the same water type, usually fishing this hatch in deeper riffles and runs--and I may not have hit a concentrated emergence yet. Finally, does anyone know a good wet fly for the Apple Caddis? I'm assuming the pupa look enough like the adults that an apple green abdomen with a tan thorax and light hen hackle would work, but I'd be happy to see a recipe for a proven pattern. And any thoughts on the general topic would be welcome.
"He spread them a yard and a half. 'And every one that got away is this big.'"

--Fred Chappell

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