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Lateral view of a Female Hexagenia limbata (Ephemeridae) (Hex) Mayfly Dun from the Namekagon River in Wisconsin
Hex Mayflies
Hexagenia limbata

The famous nocturnal Hex hatch of the Midwest (and a few other lucky locations) stirs to the surface mythically large brown trout that only touch streamers for the rest of the year.

Dorsal view of a Grammotaulius betteni (Limnephilidae) (Northern Caddisfly) Caddisfly Larva from the Yakima River in Washington
This is a striking caddis larva with an interesting color pattern on the head. Here are some characteristics I was able to see under the microscope, but could not easily expose for a picture:
- The prosternal horn is present.
- The mandible is clearly toothed, not formed into a uniform scraper blade.
- The seems to be only 2 major setae on the ventral edge of the hind femur.
- Chloride epithelia seem to be absent from the dorsal side of any abdominal segments.
Based on these characteristics and the ones more easily visible from the pictures, this seems to be Grammotaulius. The key's description of the case is spot-on: "Case cylindrical, made of longitudinally arranged sedge or similar leaves," as is the description of the markings on the head, "Dorsum of head light brownish yellow with numerous discrete, small, dark spots." The spot pattern on the head is a very good match to figure 19.312 of Merritt R.W., Cummins, K.W., and Berg, M.B. (2019). The species ID is based on Grammotaulius betteni being the only species of this genus known in Washington state.
27" brown trout, my largest ever. It was the sub-dominant fish in its pool. After this, I hooked the bigger one, but I couldn't land it.
Troutnut is a project started in 2003 by salmonid ecologist Jason "Troutnut" Neuswanger to help anglers and fly tyers unabashedly embrace the entomological side of the sport. Learn more about Troutnut or support the project for an enhanced experience here.

Stonefly Species Allocapnia aurora (Little Snowflies)

Species Range

Identification

Source: Larvae Of The Winter Stonefly Genus Allocapnia (Plecoptera: Capniidae) In Mississippi, Usa

Diagnosis. The presence of erect bristles only on the posterior margins of abdominal terga (Fig. 6) will distinguish nymphs of this species from all those occurring in Mississippi except Allocapnia mystica. In that species the posterior margin of the developing male 10 th tergal lobe is truncate in lateral aspect rather than slanted (Fig. 5).

Physical description

Most physical descriptions on Troutnut are direct or slightly edited quotes from the original scientific sources describing or updating the species, although there may be errors in copying them to this website. Such descriptions aren't always definitive, because species often turn out to be more variable than the original describers observed. In some cases, only a single specimen was described! However, they are useful starting points.

Source: The Winter Stoneflies (Plecoptera: Capniidae) Of Mississippi

Male epiproct. Epiproct long, slender, and spear shaped in dorsal aspect (Fig. 4), armed in the apical fourth with smooth, undulant ridges (Figs. 4 - 6), but smooth in basal three-quarters. A prominent, narrow, longitudinal groove divides most of the apical half in dorsal aspect, and a broad, shallow trough is present on the basal third. In lateral aspect, apex slightly inflated to a terminal acute tip; lower limb apex not visible in dorsal aspect but in lateral aspect it bends sharply ventrad near dorsal limb tip (Fig. 5), and lower limb slightly wider in dorsal aspect than upper limb from base to beyond mid-length (Fig. 4). Male tergal process. Tergum 8 bears a single process with moderately deep notch (Figs. 5, 7), narrow and upright in lateral aspect (Fig. 8); notch slightly wider than tall, oval knobs at each end of process; knobs covered over most of surface with scale-like tubercles (Figs. 7 - 8).

Female subgenital plate. The truncate hind margin of sternum 8 does not project beyond lateral margins of segment and mesal sclerite on sternum 8 completely fused with mesal sclerite on sternum 7; fusion point between segments 7 - 8 marked by dark transverse line (Fig. 59) formed from infolding of bridge sclerite beneath segment 7 (Fig. 9).

Source: Epiproct And Dorsal Process Structure In The Allocapnia Forbesi Frison, Allocapnia Pygmaea (Burmeister), And Allocapnia Rickeri Frison Species Groups (Plecoptera: Capniidae), And Inclusion Of Allocapnia Minima (Newport) In A New Species Group

Male epiproct. Apical segment of upper limb ca. 334 - 370 µm long, armed over apical ca. 175 - 200 µm with dense patch of wave-like spikes (Figs. 43 - 45); apical segment ca. 131 - 134 µm wide at base, tapered to a narrow rounded tip. Basal segment of upper limb ca. 340 - 380 µm long and ca. 75 - 88 µm wide at mid-length; basal segment with a broad, shallow groove extending from base to base of apical segment. Lower limb ca. 181 - 187 µm wide at point of greatest width, and bearing a sparse, irregular, setal row along apical third of lateral margins. Male tergal process. Prominent raised structure on abdominal tergum 8 (Figs. 46 - 48). Bilobed process ca. 213 - 230 µm wide, bearing a U-shaped notch ca. 84 µm wide. Lobes of process and posterior face of notch bearing scale-like surface structures; anterior face of process bearing a deep transverse groove (Fig. 47). In lateral aspect, lobes extend vertically at an approximate 90 ° angle from swollen base (Fig. 46).

Source: New Records Of Winter Stoneflies (Plecoptera: Capniidae) In Mississippi


Start a Discussion of Allocapnia aurora

References

Stonefly Species Allocapnia aurora (Little Snowflies)

Taxonomy
Species Range
Resources
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