Tiny Baetis mayflies are perhaps the most commonly encountered and imitated by anglers on all American trout streams due to their great abundance, widespread distribution, and trout-friendly emergence habits.
http://howtoflyfish.orvis.com/choosing-equipment/equipment-articles/474-how-to-choose-the-right-tippet-size I'm not sure what this is (I'm lazy and don't feel like opening it but assume it is some sort of chart that defines the relationship between hook sizes and tippet diameters)
What I mean by that, is at least from this chart, it seems that you should use a certain tippet size for a certain size fly you are using.Yes, that is correct. To provide the best conditions for your fly to move properly in the water, and yet have enough strength and stiffness to cast the fly and not break too easily, there are guidelines to what the diameter of your tippet should be in relation to the size of your fly. They are guidelines only and not set in stone. Most charts will indicate that too. If you are using a #12 fly the optimum tippet size might be 4X but some times it might be very windy and you will need to "punch" the forward cast out to straighten out the cast so you would select 3X as it is a bigger diameter. Conversely you may have seen a big trout rising and he won't rise to the 4X tippet so you add a piece of 5X to gain a more stealthy presentation.
My specific question in relation to that, is do you also need to change the leader size to match the tippet size?No, not at all. Most leaders, no matter if they are 7 1/2', 9', or 12' are going to have approximately the same butt (big end) diameter and be tapered from large end to small end progressively. A heavier butt (something I have always preferred) provides for a much smoother transition from the end of the fly line. For a given leader, depending on manufacturer and end use, a leader butt diameter may be from .022" - .027". To carry my comment a step further I would use a smaller diameter leader butt for a #3 line than I would for a #7 line.
For example do I need a different leader as well as tippet if I am going to cast a size 24 fly on my 5 wt rod. Or am I fine with the leader, and just need to use a smaller sized tippet?No, you can use the same leader just attach a lighter tippet. For a #24 fly you should be adding a piece of 7X. Some guys who are experts and very light handed will go with 8X. I though always go with the strongest diameter tippet that will still get the trout to eat the fly so I would most likely try 6X first. On very small flies the lighter tippet allows the fly to move much more naturally.
There is a relatively new gadget/gizmo that will let you use one leader for the entire season and never lose any of it's original length. Of course you can change the whole leader if you want to use one with a heavier butt or tippet. It is called a "Tippet Ring" and it is a seamless micro sized stainless steel ring of between 1mm (.039") and 1.5mm (.059")that you clinch knot to the small end of your leader and then add a length of tippet 24" - 36" onto the other end. Then when your tippet starts getting shorter and shorter from changing flies or you get one of those pesky wind knots you can just cut it off of the tippet ring and tie on a new tippet. They are so tiny, and almost weightless, that you can even use them when dry fly fishing as the miniscule weight will not pierce the surface tension of the water.
Also would I need a larger tippet and/or leader for using a heavier fly such as a wooly bugger? It seems clear you would want a heaver tippet, but I am not sure about the leader.(my 5x tippet clearly does not turn over wooly buggers at least with my technique) Yep, same response, but in reverse, as the one I provided above. Heavier flies are much more resistant to the wind and a light tippet just collapses when you are completing the forward cast and there is not enough stiffness to turn the fly over. Remember though it is all a matter of fly size; If you are using a #10 Woolly Bugger you should be able to turn it over with a 4X tippet of no more than 2' - 3'. But if you are using a #2 Woolly Bugger you are going to want to use a 0X - 2X tippet. I fish lots of big streamers and catch many big trout and it is my opinion that since you are usually, at some point in the cast, pulling the fly away from the fish that you don't need to adhere to the general tippet diameter rules. For fly sizes #6 - #2 I would never use less than 1X tippet and for #1 - #2/0 flies I'll use 0X or even heavier.
Finally I have 2 final questions.
What sized tippets should I own for fishing for trout and panfish mainly(I currently have 5x mono and 5x fluorocarbon?Fluorocarbon usually costs three times as much as monofilament and I'm not convinced, by any means, that it is three times more effective. I used fluorocarbon, for years, for all my dry fly fishing. Don't ask me why but I did. Then two years ago I went back to monofilament and my catch rate has not gone done at all. I still use it for much, but not all, of my sunken fly work. I use it when nymphing to get the effect of the almost invisibility it provides. But when I streamer fish I use stiff and strong mono/nylon. For your trout and panfish I'd suggest having spools of 3X - 6X all the time and a spool of 7X for the instances when you need to use really small flies and the waters you are fishing are very low and clear and the fish are very spooky.
What is a good floating line for a beginner that is durable and good quality, yet not too expensive?
Rio makes a line called "Avid" for $55 that provides "supple, self lubricating coating that stays slick." I bought an Avid for a bonefish trip I went on knowing I didn't need the best line in the world for a one week trip. Scientific Anglers manufactures the "Frequency Trout Fly Line" for $50 that "improves distance, high floating head for superior line control". Both have welded loops on the small end of the line so you can do a loop to loop connection. Here is my opinion on loop to loop; they are very east to complete and are very strong but I still prefer a well tied nail knot with a coating of Loon UV Knot Sense for the smoothest line to leader transition.
I hope this will have answered most of your inquiries.
There is a relatively new gadget/gizmo that will let you use one leader for the entire season and never lose any of it's original length. Of course you can change the whole leader if you want to use one with a heavier butt or tippet. It is called a "Tippet Ring" and it is a seamless micro sized stainless steel ring of between 1mm (.039") and 1.5mm (.059")that you clinch knot to the small end of your leader and then add a length of tippet 24" - 36" onto the other end. Then when your tippet starts getting shorter and shorter from changing flies or you get one of those pesky wind knots you can just cut it off of the tippet ring and tie on a new tippet. They are so tiny, and almost weightless, that you can even use them when dry fly fishing as the miniscule weight will not pierce the surface tension of the water.
Yep I have heard of tippet rings. In fact 2 of my leaders that I bought(I bought 2 furled leaders to try them out) have tippet rings. Eventually I will probably buy some tippet rings for my tapered leaders.
Yep, same response, but in reverse, as the one I provided above. Heavier flies are much more resistant to the wind and a light tippet just collapses when you are completing the forward cast and there is not enough stiffness to turn the fly over. Remember though it is all a matter of fly size; If you are using a #10 Woolly Bugger you should be able to turn it over with a 4X tippet of no more than 2' - 3'. But if you are using a #2 Woolly Bugger you are going to want to use a 0X - 2X tippet. I fish lots of big streamers and catch many big trout and it is my opinion that since you are usually, at some point in the cast, pulling the fly away from the fish that you don't need to adhere to the general tippet diameter rules. For fly sizes #6 - #2 I would never use less than 1X tippet and for #1 - #2/0 flies I'll use 0X or even heavier.
Wouldnt having a larger diameter tipper than the end of the leader affect the casting though?
Rio makes a line called "Avid" for $55 that provides "supple, self lubricating coating that stays slick." I bought an Avid for a bonefish trip I went on knowing I didn't need the best line in the world for a one week trip. Scientific Anglers manufactures the "Frequency Trout Fly Line" for $50 that "improves distance, high floating head for superior line control". Both have welded loops on the small end of the line so you can do a loop to loop connection. Here is my opinion on loop to loop; they are very east to complete and are very strong but I still prefer a well tied nail knot with a coating of Loon UV Knot Sense for the smoothest line to leader transition.
I hope this will have answered most of your inquiries.
Well so far I have been using the nail knot myself. I actually have not used loop to loop leader connection yet.
Thanks for all your answers.
Wouldnt having a larger diameter tipper than the end of the leader affect the casting though?
I personally can get the flies off the small fas snaps just fine. My main concern is that they may affect performance/action and sensitivity of the fly