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Lateral view of a Female Hexagenia limbata (Ephemeridae) (Hex) Mayfly Dun from the Namekagon River in Wisconsin
Hex Mayflies
Hexagenia limbata

The famous nocturnal Hex hatch of the Midwest (and a few other lucky locations) stirs to the surface mythically large brown trout that only touch streamers for the rest of the year.

Dorsal view of a Zapada cinctipes (Nemouridae) (Tiny Winter Black) Stonefly Nymph from the Yakima River in Washington
Nymphs of this species were fairly common in late-winter kick net samples from the upper Yakima River. Although I could not find a key to species of Zapada nymphs, a revision of the Nemouridae family by Baumann (1975) includes the following helpful sentence: "2 cervical gills on each side of midline, 1 arising inside and 1 outside of lateral cervical sclerites, usually single and elongate, sometimes constricted but with 3 or 4 branches arising beyond gill base in Zapada cinctipes." This specimen clearly has the branches and is within the range of that species.
27" brown trout, my largest ever. It was the sub-dominant fish in its pool. After this, I hooked the bigger one, but I couldn't land it.
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Mayfly Species Rhithrogena brunneotincta

Where & when

In 15 records from GBIF, adults of this species have been collected during June (60%), May (33%), and October (7%).

Species Range

Physical description

Most physical descriptions on Troutnut are direct or slightly edited quotes from the original scientific sources describing or updating the species, although there may be errors in copying them to this website. Such descriptions aren't always definitive, because species often turn out to be more variable than the original describers observed. In some cases, only a single specimen was described! However, they are useful starting points.

Male Spinner

Body length: 12 mm
Wing length: 13 mm

A species allied to Rhithrogena robusta; portions of both wings are distinctly tinted with brownish amber.

Head brown; paler shading in region of antennae. Thorax deep pitch-brown; mesonotum shaded with paler brown anterior to scutellum. A reddish shade anterior to wing roots; pleura and bases of legs shaded with ochreous brown. Fore legs deep smoky, femur with slight olive tinge. Middle and hind legs olive brown, femora and tarsi shaded slightly with smoky. Wings hyaline; basal two-thirds of fore wing and costal half of hind wing distinctly tinted with brownish amber. Veins and cross veins brown, fairly strong; cross veins in stigmatic area thickest, those in the costal space not much anastomosed, as is usual in other species of the genus.

Abdominal tergites deep brown; lateral margin and small antero-lateral and postero-lateral triangles lighter olive brown. Intersegmental areas on basal tergites narrowly pale, so that dorsum appears annulate. Sternites lighter olive brown, posterior ones distinctly brown. Forceps and tails deep smoky. (See fig. 102, after McDunnough).

This species is allied to the western R. robusta, from which it may be distinguished by the brown-tinted wings and structural details of the penes. In robusta, penes are sharply truncate at tip, the inner apical spine is not recurved, and lateral spines differ slightly from those of the eastern brunneotincta.


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References

Mayfly Species Rhithrogena brunneotincta

Species Range
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