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Lateral view of a Female Hexagenia limbata (Ephemeridae) (Hex) Mayfly Dun from the Namekagon River in Wisconsin
Hex Mayflies
Hexagenia limbata

The famous nocturnal Hex hatch of the Midwest (and a few other lucky locations) stirs to the surface mythically large brown trout that only touch streamers for the rest of the year.

Case view of a Pycnopsyche guttifera (Limnephilidae) (Great Autumn Brown Sedge) Caddisfly Larva from the Yakima River in Washington
It's only barely visible in one of my pictures, but I confirmed under the microscope that this one has a prosternal horn and the antennae are mid-way between the eyes and front of the head capsule.

I'm calling this one Pycnopsyche, but it's a bit perplexing. It seems to key definitively to at least Couplet 8 of the Key to Genera of Limnephilidae Larvae. That narrows it down to three genera, and the case seems wrong for the other two. The case looks right for Pycnopsyche, and it fits one of the key characteristics: "Abdominal sternum II without chloride epithelium and abdominal segment IX with only single seta on each side of dorsal sclerite." However, the characteristic "metanotal sa1 sclerites not fused, although often contiguous" does not seem to fit well. Those sclerites sure look fused to me, although I can make out a thin groove in the touching halves in the anterior half under the microscope. Perhaps this is a regional variation.

The only species of Pycnopsyche documented in Washington state is Pycnopsyche guttifera, and the colors and markings around the head of this specimen seem to match very well a specimen of that species from Massachusetts on Bugguide. So I am placing it in that species for now.

Whatever species this is, I photographed another specimen of seemingly the same species from the same spot a couple months later.
27" brown trout, my largest ever. It was the sub-dominant fish in its pool. After this, I hooked the bigger one, but I couldn't land it.
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Mayfly Species Epeorus lagunitas

Species Range

Physical description

Most physical descriptions on Troutnut are direct or slightly edited quotes from the original scientific sources describing or updating the species, although there may be errors in copying them to this website. Such descriptions aren't always definitive, because species often turn out to be more variable than the original describers observed. In some cases, only a single specimen was described! However, they are useful starting points.

Male Spinner

Described in Needham et al (1935) as Iron lagunitas
Body length: 10 mm
Wing length: 11 mm

Closely allied to I. albertae (now a synonym of Epeorus albertae), but with slight differences in genitalic structure; fore femur shorter than tibia.

Head purplish brown. Thorax light red-brown, pronotum extensively shaded with purplish brown. Faint traces of a darker median stripe on mesonotum, as in albertae. Scutellum and lateral areas just anterior to it darker red-brown; outer margin of dark area, and median area anterior to scutellum, yellowish. Posterior margins and lateral depressions below scutella on mesothorax and metathorax also dark brown. No distinct blackish markings on pleura; faint purplish shading below wing roots and an oblique purplish streak anterior to root of fore wing. Legs olive brown. Fore femur somewhat yellowish near base, and with faint reddish tinge; tibia and tarsus smoky. Apex of fore tibia, tarsal joinings, claws and distal tarsal joint blackish. An indistinct purplish brown mark near middle of each femur; the area on each side of it is shaded with purplish, on middle and hind legs. Fore femur about 3/4 the length of tibia. Fore claws similar, blunt. Wings hyaline; venation light brown. Humeral cross vein purplish black near subcosta, pale at costal margin. Basal costal cross veins rather weak, especially at costal margin. Cross veins between bulla and stigmatic area obsolescent. Stigmatic veins well developed, about 10 in number, not anastomosed. A faint brownish stain in stigmatic area.

Abdominal segments 2-7 semi-hyaline, yellowish; tergites more or less distinctly tinged with pale brownish. Posterior margins of tergites and lower edge of pleural fold darker brown. In one paratype, sternites likewise faintly shaded with brown. Segments 8-10 opaque, rather bright red-brown; sternites rather paler than tergites. Tails dark yellowish brown; very inconspicuously darker at joinings. Apical margin of forceps base very slightly convex. A distinct swelling, somewhat conical, near base of long joint of forceps, on inner margin. Penes very similar to I. albertae, but with longer and more slender median spines; lateral beak-like appendages on each division of penes slightly longer and more slender (see fig. 107).

Distinguished from I. albertae by the relatively longer fore tibia and by genitalic differences noted above. The lack of distinct blackish pleural markings separates it from I. youngi (now a synonym of Epeorus albertae) and I. sancta-gabriel (now a synonym of Epeorus hesperus).

Female Spinner

Described in Needham et al (1935) as Iron lagunitas
Body length: 10 mm
Wing length: 11 mm

Female very similar to male, aside from usual differences. Basal costal cross veins better developed.


Start a Discussion of Epeorus lagunitas

References

  • Needham, James G., Jay R. Traver, and Yin-Chi Hsu. 1935. The Biology of Mayflies. Comstock Publishing Company, Inc.

Mayfly Species Epeorus lagunitas

Species Range
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