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Artistic view of a Male Pteronarcys californica (Pteronarcyidae) (Giant Salmonfly) Stonefly Adult from the Gallatin River in Montana
Salmonflies
Pteronarcys californica

The giant Salmonflies of the Western mountains are legendary for their proclivity to elicit consistent dry-fly action and ferocious strikes.

Dorsal view of a Grammotaulius betteni (Limnephilidae) (Northern Caddisfly) Caddisfly Larva from the Yakima River in Washington
This is a striking caddis larva with an interesting color pattern on the head. Here are some characteristics I was able to see under the microscope, but could not easily expose for a picture:
- The prosternal horn is present.
- The mandible is clearly toothed, not formed into a uniform scraper blade.
- The seems to be only 2 major setae on the ventral edge of the hind femur.
- Chloride epithelia seem to be absent from the dorsal side of any abdominal segments.
Based on these characteristics and the ones more easily visible from the pictures, this seems to be Grammotaulius. The key's description of the case is spot-on: "Case cylindrical, made of longitudinally arranged sedge or similar leaves," as is the description of the markings on the head, "Dorsum of head light brownish yellow with numerous discrete, small, dark spots." The spot pattern on the head is a very good match to figure 19.312 of Merritt R.W., Cummins, K.W., and Berg, M.B. (2019). The species ID is based on Grammotaulius betteni being the only species of this genus known in Washington state.
27" brown trout, my largest ever. It was the sub-dominant fish in its pool. After this, I hooked the bigger one, but I couldn't land it.
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Mayfly Species Ameletus shepherdi (Brown Duns)

Species Range

Physical description

Most physical descriptions on Troutnut are direct or slightly edited quotes from the original scientific sources describing or updating the species, although there may be errors in copying them to this website. Such descriptions aren't always definitive, because species often turn out to be more variable than the original describers observed. In some cases, only a single specimen was described! However, they are useful starting points.

Male Spinner

Body length: 8 mm
Wing length: 8 mm

A small species with pale whitish abdomen and amber-tinted wings.

Head and thorax light reddish brown. Mesonotum yellowish, its anterior portion reddish margined with white; scutellum pale whitish, its postero-lateral margins dark reddish brown. Pleura yellowish red; sutures dark red-brown, intersegmental spaces whitish. Legs pale; tibia and tarsus of fore leg amber yellow, femur and middle and hind legs whitish. Wings hyaline, distinctly tinged with amber, most noticeably in the stigmatic area of the fore wing and the entire hind wing. Venation pale reddish brown to amber in the male, dark reddish brown in the female. Stigmatic cross veins anatomosed.

Abdominal segments 1, and 7-10, opaque, pale reddish to yellowish red; dorsum of posterior segments darker than venter. Intermediate segments whitish with faint tinge of pale yellowish red on the dorsum; semi-translucent, and with no distinct markings. Posterior margins and ganglionic areas opaque whitish. Dorsum of female pale reddish brown. Tails amber yellow, paler at tips. Genitalia amber yellow. Distal portion of penes directed outward. No spine, but a blunt thumb-like projection, on the inner margin of the penes. Tubercle on the inner distal margin of the forceps base blunt, quite prominent. Apical margin of forceps base very shallowly excavated (see fig. 117).

Nymph

Nymph without distinct dark markings. Last two segments of abdomen dark reddish brown; posterior margins of all segments, also the lateral extensions, narrowly reddish brown. Postero-lateral spines on segments 2-9, very short on 2. A dark reddish brown band across the middle of the tail.


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References

Mayfly Species Ameletus shepherdi (Brown Duns)

Taxonomy
Species Range
Common Name
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