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Lateral view of a Female Hexagenia limbata (Ephemeridae) (Hex) Mayfly Dun from the Namekagon River in Wisconsin
Hex Mayflies
Hexagenia limbata

The famous nocturnal Hex hatch of the Midwest (and a few other lucky locations) stirs to the surface mythically large brown trout that only touch streamers for the rest of the year.

Dorsal view of a Grammotaulius betteni (Limnephilidae) (Northern Caddisfly) Caddisfly Larva from the Yakima River in Washington
This is a striking caddis larva with an interesting color pattern on the head. Here are some characteristics I was able to see under the microscope, but could not easily expose for a picture:
- The prosternal horn is present.
- The mandible is clearly toothed, not formed into a uniform scraper blade.
- The seems to be only 2 major setae on the ventral edge of the hind femur.
- Chloride epithelia seem to be absent from the dorsal side of any abdominal segments.
Based on these characteristics and the ones more easily visible from the pictures, this seems to be Grammotaulius. The key's description of the case is spot-on: "Case cylindrical, made of longitudinally arranged sedge or similar leaves," as is the description of the markings on the head, "Dorsum of head light brownish yellow with numerous discrete, small, dark spots." The spot pattern on the head is a very good match to figure 19.312 of Merritt R.W., Cummins, K.W., and Berg, M.B. (2019). The species ID is based on Grammotaulius betteni being the only species of this genus known in Washington state.
27" brown trout, my largest ever. It was the sub-dominant fish in its pool. After this, I hooked the bigger one, but I couldn't land it.
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Male Cinygmula tarda Mayfly Spinner Pictures

I collected numerous spinners from a thick dusk mating swarm and spinner fall over the Cedar River on a cloudy evening at the end of June. Duns were emerging at the same time, so I was able to collect several male spinners as well as a female spinner, a male dun, and a female dun of the same species, whatever it is. The microscope pictures here come from a mix of those different males, but all the macro DSLR photos are of the same individual.

This one is difficult to identify, though I went into a lot of detail since I caught so many and their fall really got the fish rising for a while at dusk. The penes have a single set of lateral subapical spines, and the wings of the male spinner appear to be untinted, although there may be a barely-perceptible uniform yellow tint. The two claws at the end of each tarsus are similar to each other in shape. The wing is 7.5 mm long and the body is 7 mm long.

I think these are the possibilities:

1. The best guess is Cinygmula tarda, which is the only species matching the size of this specimen in Needham et al (1935). The rest of the description seems to fit pretty well. However, the picture of the genitalia in that source and the one Slater & Kondratieff (2004) differ somewhat from each other and from this specimen, which more closely fits the drawing for Cinygmula mimus.

2. My next guess would be Cinygmula tioga. The original description in Mayo (1952) fits remarkably well, and it's only reported to be 1 mm longer than this specimen (within the likely range of natural variation). It hasn't been reported yet from Washington, only California and Oregon, but the sites in north-central Oregon aren't implausibly far from west-central Washington. However, the drawing of the penes suggests that the lateral spine should be longer or located closer to the tip than in this specimen, and that species is also supposed to have yellow-tinged wings. There may be a very faint tinge to this specimen, but it's hard to tell.

3. It could be either a species not yet described or an undescribed variant of a current species.

And here's a quick list of why other local species were ruled out:

mimus — This species is the best match for the genitalia, but it's supposed to be much larger with a wing length of 10-11.5 mm, and it should have clearer tinting to the wings in a particular pattern. However, Mayo (1952) notes that mimus should not have tracheations on the tergites, as this one clearly does, which would make it fit tioga. I'm not sure where tarda falls on that characteristic. Also, Slater & Kondratieff (2004) describe the compound eyes of mimus as contiguous, which doesn't fit this specimen. This specimen also has dark mid-ventral markings on the sternites, which mimus should lack.
uniformis — wing length 10 mm, small ventral subapical spine on penes not present in this specimen,
reticulata — wing length 9 mm, has distinctive wing patterning definitely not present on this specimen.
par — wing length 9-10 mm, penes lack prominent lateral spines, generally shaped wrong, tarsal claws would be dissimilar in par
ramaleyi — wing length 10 mm, penes shape way off
gartrelli — wing length 10 mm, crossveins in costal half of forewing margined with brown (unlike this specimen), penes shape similar being in same group with mimus, but has an extra small spine not present in this specimen

Lateral view of a Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington
Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington
Ventral view of a Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington
Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington
Dorsal view of a Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington
Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington
Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington
Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington
Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington
Ruler view of a Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington The smallest ruler marks are 1 mm.
Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington
Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington
Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington
Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington
Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington
Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington
The lateral spine is boxed in red here, since it's hard to pick out.

Male Cinygmula tarda (Heptageniidae) Mayfly Spinner from the Cedar River in Washington

This mayfly was collected from the Cedar River in Washington on June 30th, 2021 and added to Troutnut.com by Troutnut on July 2nd, 2021.


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References

  • Mayo, V.K. 1952. New Western Ephemeroptera, IV, With Notes. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 28(4): 179-186.
  • Merritt R.W., Cummins, K.W., and Berg, M.B. 2019. An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America (Fifth Edition). Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.
  • Needham, James G., Jay R. Traver, and Yin-Chi Hsu. 1935. The Biology of Mayflies. Comstock Publishing Company, Inc.
  • Slater, J. and Kondratieff, B.C. 2004. Review of the Mayfly Genus Cinygmula McDunnough (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) in Colorado. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 77(2): 121-126.

Male Cinygmula tarda Mayfly Spinner Pictures

Collection details
Location: Cedar River, Washington
Date: June 30th, 2021
Added to site: July 2nd, 2021
Author: Troutnut
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