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Artistic view of a Male Pteronarcys californica (Pteronarcyidae) (Giant Salmonfly) Stonefly Adult from the Gallatin River in Montana
Salmonflies
Pteronarcys californica

The giant Salmonflies of the Western mountains are legendary for their proclivity to elicit consistent dry-fly action and ferocious strikes.

Case view of a Pycnopsyche guttifera (Limnephilidae) (Great Autumn Brown Sedge) Caddisfly Larva from the Yakima River in Washington
It's only barely visible in one of my pictures, but I confirmed under the microscope that this one has a prosternal horn and the antennae are mid-way between the eyes and front of the head capsule.

I'm calling this one Pycnopsyche, but it's a bit perplexing. It seems to key definitively to at least Couplet 8 of the Key to Genera of Limnephilidae Larvae. That narrows it down to three genera, and the case seems wrong for the other two. The case looks right for Pycnopsyche, and it fits one of the key characteristics: "Abdominal sternum II without chloride epithelium and abdominal segment IX with only single seta on each side of dorsal sclerite." However, the characteristic "metanotal sa1 sclerites not fused, although often contiguous" does not seem to fit well. Those sclerites sure look fused to me, although I can make out a thin groove in the touching halves in the anterior half under the microscope. Perhaps this is a regional variation.

The only species of Pycnopsyche documented in Washington state is Pycnopsyche guttifera, and the colors and markings around the head of this specimen seem to match very well a specimen of that species from Massachusetts on Bugguide. So I am placing it in that species for now.

Whatever species this is, I photographed another specimen of seemingly the same species from the same spot a couple months later.
27" brown trout, my largest ever. It was the sub-dominant fish in its pool. After this, I hooked the bigger one, but I couldn't land it.
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Mayfly Species Siphlonurus marshalli (Gray Drakes)

Where & when

In 4 records from GBIF, adults of this species have been collected during May (50%) and April (50%).

In 8 records from GBIF, this species has been collected at elevations ranging from 2592 to 3240 ft, with an average (median) of 3166 ft.

Species Range

Physical description

Most physical descriptions on Troutnut are direct or slightly edited quotes from the original scientific sources describing or updating the species, although there may be errors in copying them to this website. Such descriptions aren't always definitive, because species often turn out to be more variable than the original describers observed. In some cases, only a single specimen was described! However, they are useful starting points.

Male Spinner

Body length: 13-14 mm
Wing length: 13-14 mm

Hind wings entirely stained with coffee brown, fore wing amber tinged in the basal half; cross veins in the discs of both wings heavily infuscated (see frontispiece). Hind tarsus barely longer than the tibia.

Head and thorax deep blackish brown; pleural sutures, areas anterior to the middle and hind legs, and a transverse band anterior to the hind legs, yellowish brown. Scutellum reddish. Fore leg dark reddish brown, tarsus slightly paler. Middle and hind legs yellowish, shaded somewhat with reddish brown. Hind tarsus but slightly longer than the tibia. Fore wing amber-tinged in its basal half; hind wing stained throughout with yellowish to coffee brown. Cross veins in the discs of both wings rather heavily infuscated with dark brown. In the fore wing, a dark zigzag band is formed at the bulla, extending across the wing to the first branch of the cubitus; between this and the wing base, in the radial space, another smaller cloud. Two darker clouds in the hind wing: at union of radius and its sector, and half-way from this to the margin. Abdomen dark reddish brown at base and apex, the middle segments paler; sternites yellowish, semi-hyaline in middle area. Middle tergites pale reddish brown, with wide dark posterior margins, dark reddish brown postero-lateral triangles, and a paler brown shading on the posterior portion of the ventral area. Tails deep reddish brown, almost black at the base.

Genitalia reddish brown. No swelling or extension on the inner apical margin of the first forceps joint. Penes seem to be of the type of Siphlonurus quebecensis but differ markedly from that species in details of structure. See fig. 121.


Start a Discussion of Siphlonurus marshalli

References

  • Needham, James G., Jay R. Traver, and Yin-Chi Hsu. 1935. The Biology of Mayflies. Comstock Publishing Company, Inc.

Mayfly Species Siphlonurus marshalli (Gray Drakes)

Taxonomy
Species Range
Common Names
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