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Artistic view of a Male Pteronarcys californica (Pteronarcyidae) (Giant Salmonfly) Stonefly Adult from the Gallatin River in Montana
Salmonflies
Pteronarcys californica

The giant Salmonflies of the Western mountains are legendary for their proclivity to elicit consistent dry-fly action and ferocious strikes.

Dorsal view of a Ephemerella mucronata (Ephemerellidae) Mayfly Nymph from the Yakima River in Washington
This is an interesting one. Following the keys in Merritt R.W., Cummins, K.W., and Berg, M.B. (2019) and Jacobus et al. (2014), it keys clearly to Ephemerella. Jacobus et al provide a key to species, but some of the characteristics are tricky to interpret without illustrations. If I didn't make any mistakes, this one keys to Ephemerella mucronata, which has not previously been reported any closer to here than Montana and Alberta. The main character seems to fit well: "Abdominal terga with prominent, paired, subparallel, spiculate ridges." Several illustrations or descriptions of this holarctic species from the US and Europe seem to match, including the body length, tarsal claws and denticles, labial palp, and gill shapes. These sources include including Richard Allen's original description of this species in North America under the now-defunct name E. moffatae in Allen RK (1977) and the figures in this description of the species in Italy.
27" brown trout, my largest ever. It was the sub-dominant fish in its pool. After this, I hooked the bigger one, but I couldn't land it.
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Stonefly Species Podmosta obscura (Tiny Winter Blacks)

Species Range

Physical description

Most physical descriptions on Troutnut are direct or slightly edited quotes from the original scientific sources describing or updating the species, although there may be errors in copying them to this website. Such descriptions aren't always definitive, because species often turn out to be more variable than the original describers observed. In some cases, only a single specimen was described! However, they are useful starting points.

Source: Further Descriptions Of Western North American Podmosta Larvae And Their Separation From Ostrocerca Larvae (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) (Figs. 1, 4, 6, 7, 13 - 16, 18, 26, 31, 47, 48)

Characters. Body length male 4.5 - 5.2 mm, female 5.4 - 5.6 mm, light brown above with mottled dark head pattern and light mesal stripe on thorax (Fig. 1). Antennal segments approximately 46, head capsule width male 0.90 - 0.96 mm, female 0.96 - 1.02 mm; eyes large, head wider than pronotum (Fig. 1). Gills absent. Mandibles with 5 or 6 apical teeth; right mandible as described herein for Podmosta weberi, with raised molar pad that grinds against the opposing depressed molar cup of left mandible (Figs. 21, 22), molar cup with outer (dorsal) comb of curved teeth (Figs. 20, 22). Laciniae triangular, palmate, with scalloped palm surface, 7 - 9 fingerlike apical teeth, apicodorsal comb of about 10 long, acute-pointed bristles and apicoventral comb of about 8 short, acute-pointed bristles (Fig. 26). Pronotum bearing scattered short bristles and sensillae on disc, distinct lateral fringe lacking (Fig. 31). Wing pads bearing scattered short bristles over surface, and tuft of short bristles on anterolateral corners (Fig. 1). Femora bearing scattered short bristles and hairs over dorsal surface, longer bristles apicodorsally (Fig. 1). Tibiae bearing scattered short bristles and few (5 - 7) posterior silky fringe hairs (Figs. 1, 4). Mesosternal Y-ridge faint, closed by anterior ridge forming a rectangular area as in Stewart & Stark (2002, Fig. 9.16 E). Abdominal terga bearing scattered microtrichia and macrotrichia scattered on intercalary surface, and forming a posterior fringe. Sexual dimorphism evident; males with developing hypoproct on sternum 9 (Fig. 14) and in pharate individuals evidence of developing external genitalia (Fig. 13) and raised tergum 10 (Fig. 15). Cercal segments 22 - 24; cercomeres 1 - 10 bearing apical whorls of stout bristles, fine hairs and sensillae, bristles about 0.65 times length of their segment (Fig. 47). Middle and anteapical cercomeres bearing whorl bristles 0.35 - 0.46 times length of their segment, and 3 - 7 fine intercalary hairs about 0.32 times length of their segment, all as seen laterally (Fig. 48). Diagnostic characters: cercal setation as described (Figs. 47, 48).


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References

Stonefly Species Podmosta obscura (Tiny Winter Blacks)

Taxonomy
Species Range
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