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Lateral view of a Female Hexagenia limbata (Ephemeridae) (Hex) Mayfly Dun from the Namekagon River in Wisconsin
Hex Mayflies
Hexagenia limbata

The famous nocturnal Hex hatch of the Midwest (and a few other lucky locations) stirs to the surface mythically large brown trout that only touch streamers for the rest of the year.

Dorsal view of a Ephemerella mucronata (Ephemerellidae) Mayfly Nymph from the Yakima River in Washington
This is an interesting one. Following the keys in Merritt R.W., Cummins, K.W., and Berg, M.B. (2019) and Jacobus et al. (2014), it keys clearly to Ephemerella. Jacobus et al provide a key to species, but some of the characteristics are tricky to interpret without illustrations. If I didn't make any mistakes, this one keys to Ephemerella mucronata, which has not previously been reported any closer to here than Montana and Alberta. The main character seems to fit well: "Abdominal terga with prominent, paired, subparallel, spiculate ridges." Several illustrations or descriptions of this holarctic species from the US and Europe seem to match, including the body length, tarsal claws and denticles, labial palp, and gill shapes. These sources include including Richard Allen's original description of this species in North America under the now-defunct name E. moffatae in Allen RK (1977) and the figures in this description of the species in Italy.
27" brown trout, my largest ever. It was the sub-dominant fish in its pool. After this, I hooked the bigger one, but I couldn't land it.
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Stonefly Species Podmosta decepta (Tiny Winter Blacks)

Species Range

Physical description

Most physical descriptions on Troutnut are direct or slightly edited quotes from the original scientific sources describing or updating the species, although there may be errors in copying them to this website. Such descriptions aren't always definitive, because species often turn out to be more variable than the original describers observed. In some cases, only a single specimen was described! However, they are useful starting points.

Source: Further Descriptions Of Western North American Podmosta Larvae And Their Separation From Ostrocerca Larvae (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) (Figs. 8 a, 25, 29, 35, 40, 43, 44)

Characters. Body length 3.6 - 5.0 mm, light brown above with indistinct mottled darker pattern on occiput and light mesal stripe on thorax (Stewart & Stark 2002 Figs. 9.15, 9.16 A). Antennal segments 36 - 38, head capsule width 0.81 - 0.90 mm; eyes large, head wider than pronotum. Gills absent. Mandibles with 5 or 6 apical teeth; right mandible with raised molar pad that grinds against opposing depressed molar cup of left mandible as in “ mortar- pestle ” action, molar cup with outer (dorsal) comb of curved teeth (similar to Podmosta weberi, Figs. 21, 22). Lacinia triangular, palmate, with scalloped palm surface, 7 or 8 fingerlike apical teeth, apicodorsal comb of about 10 long, acute-pointed bristles and apicoventral comb of fewer short, acute-pointed bristles (Fig. 25). Pronotum bearing scattered short bristles and sensillae over surface and lacking a distinct lateral fringe (Fig. 29). Mesothoracic wing pads bearing scattered short bristles over surface and tuft of short bristles on anterolateral corners (Fig. 35). Femora bearing scattered short bristles and hairs over dorsal surface, longer bristles apicodorsally (similar to Podmosta weberi Fig. 38, and Stewart & Stark 2002 Fig. 9.16 D). Tibiae bearing scattered short bristles and few (5 or 6) posterior silky fringe hairs (Fig. 38 and Stewart & Stark 2002, Fig. 9.16 D). Mesosternal Y-ridge faint, closed anteriorly by ridge forming rectangular area (Stewart & Stark 2002 Fig. 9.16 E). Abdominal terga bearing microtrichia and socketed macrotrichia scattered over intercalary surface and forming a posterior fringe (Fig. 40). Sexual dimorphism evident; males with developing hypoproct on sternum 9, and in pharate individuals evidence of developing dorsal genitalia on tergum 10 (Stewart & Stark 2002 Figs. F, G). Cercal segments 24 - 26; cercomeres 1 - 10 bearing apical whorls of stout bristles, fine hairs and sensillae, bristles up to 0.40 times length of their segment (Fig. 43). Middle and anteapical cercomeres bearing whorl bristles up to 0.20 times segment length, a single long ventral bristle up to 0.75 times segment length, and 2 - 3 fine intercalary hairs about 0.25 times length of their segment, all as seen laterally (Figs. 8 a, 44). Diagnostic characters: Cercal setation as described (Figs. 8 a, 43, 44).


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References

Stonefly Species Podmosta decepta (Tiny Winter Blacks)

Taxonomy
Species Range
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