Artistic view of a Male Pteronarcys californica (Pteronarcyidae) (Giant Salmonfly) Stonefly Adult from the Gallatin River in Montana

Salmonflies
Pteronarcys californica

The giant Salmonflies of the Western mountains are legendary for their proclivity to elicit consistent dry-fly action and ferocious strikes.

Sunlight perfectly strikes the trees at a bend in the Foss River in the Washington Cascades.

From the Foss River in Washington

Stream photos

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Neoleptophlebia Mayfly Nymph Neoleptophlebia Mayfly Nymph

Dorsal view of a Neoleptophlebia (Leptophlebiidae) Mayfly Nymph from the Yakima River in Washington

Some characteristics from the microscope images for the tentative species id: The postero-lateral projections are found only on segment 9, not segment 8. Based on the key in Jacobus et al. (2014), it appears to key to Neoleptophlebia adoptiva or Neoleptophlebia heteronea, same as this specimen with pretty different abdominal markings. However, distinguishing between those calls for comparing the lengths of the second and third segment of the labial palp, and this one (like the other one) only seems to have two segments. So I'm stuck on them both. It's likely that the fact that they're immature nymphs stymies identification in some important way.

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27" brown trout, my largest ever. It was the sub-dominant fish in its pool. After this, I hooked the bigger one, but I couldn't land it.

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Caddisfly Species Lype diversa (Dark Eastern Woodland Sedges)

Where & when

Time of year : May through July

Preferred waters: Small woodland streams

This species is common in the Midwest and present throughout the East.

In 91 records from GBIF, adults of this species have mostly been collected during June (33%), May (22%), July (20%), and August (12%).

In 59 records from GBIF, this species has been collected at elevations ranging from 39 to 5103 ft, with an average (median) of 1881 ft.

Species Range

source

Map of specific collection sites

Egg-Laying behavior

Time of day: Afternoon or evening

Larva & pupa biology

Gary LaFontaine describes the unusual shelters built by these larvae in Caddisflies:

The larva builds a retreat, or dwelling tube, by raising a simple roof or a groove in a sunken piece of wood. The tube is camouflaged with pieces of detritus and a layer of silk.

Start a Discussion of Lype diversa

References

Jacobus, L. M., Wiersema, N.A., and Webb, J.M. 2014. Identification of Far Northern and Western North American Mayfly Larvae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera), North of Mexico; Version 2. Joint Aquatic Science meeting, Portland, OR. Unpublished workshop manual. 1-176.
LaFontaine, Gary. 1981. Caddisflies. The Lyons Press.
Swisher, Doug and Carl Richards. 2000. Selective Trout. The Lyons Press.