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Artistic view of a Male Pteronarcys californica (Pteronarcyidae) (Giant Salmonfly) Stonefly Adult from the Gallatin River in Montana
Salmonflies
Pteronarcys californica

The giant Salmonflies of the Western mountains are legendary for their proclivity to elicit consistent dry-fly action and ferocious strikes.

Dorsal view of a Glossosoma (Glossosomatidae) (Little Brown Short-horned Sedge) Caddisfly Larva from the Yakima River in Washington
I caught this tiny larva without a case, but it seems to key pretty clearly to to Glossosomatidae. From there, the lack of sclerites on the mesonotum points to either Glossosoma or Anagapetus. Although it's difficult to see in a 2D image from the microscope, it's pretty clear in the live 3D view that the pronotum is only excised about 1/3 of its length to accommodate the forecoxa, not 2/3, which points to Glossosoma at Couplet 5 of the Key to Genera of Glossosomatidae Larvae.
27" brown trout, my largest ever. It was the sub-dominant fish in its pool. After this, I hooked the bigger one, but I couldn't land it.
Troutnut is a project started in 2003 by salmonid ecologist Jason "Troutnut" Neuswanger to help anglers and fly tyers unabashedly embrace the entomological side of the sport. Learn more about Troutnut or support the project for an enhanced experience here.

Insect Order Odonata-Anisoptera (Dragonflies)

Dorsal view of a Gomphidae Dragonfly Nymph from the Namekagon River in Wisconsin
Dragonflies and damselflies are in the same order, Odonata, but they are taxonomically separated on an obscure level not built into this site, the suborder. Dragonflies are in the rarely mentioned suborder Epiprocta, and within that suborder is the infraorder Anisoptera, the scientific name by which they're best known. None of that will help you catch trout, but it explains what the hyphen in this page's name is all about.

Hatching behavior

Dragonfly nymphs emerge by crawling up various objects out of the water, so the emergence is not important. Freshly emerged flies may have a little trouble flying and end up on the water, but emergence is so sporadic that this activity never causes a good rise of fish, let alone selective feeding. The lone, struggling stray may draw an explosive rise.

Egg-Laying behavior

Adult dragonflies are so good at flying that they very rarely end up on the water and never in good numbers. They live for a long time as adults and feed heavily on other insects in mid-air. It's great fun to watch one twist its way through a cloud of tiny midges with aerial maneuvers beyond Lockheed Martin's wildest dreams. Dragonflies are also good indicators of impending mayfly spinner falls: just like swallows and waxwings, they swoop among the spinner swarms at treetop level long before the smaller mayflies are low enough to be spotted.

Nymph biology

Diet: Other insects, small fish

Dragonfly nymphs are extremely good predators, and they're by far the most important stage of this order for trout. They are especially common in slow or still water, where they crawl around or swim by intaking water through their mouths and propelling it out their posteriors like a tiny jet. A dead-drift presentation or a jerked retreive is ideal.

Specimens of Dragonflies:

1 Adult
10 Nymphs

1 Streamside Picture of Dragonflies:

Discussions of Odonata-Anisoptera

Emerging Dragonflies
5 replies
Posted by AlexC on Jun 11, 2007
Last reply on Dec 9, 2007 by WildcatRob
Whle fishing the West Branch of the Ausable River this weekend I came across an area that had dozens of empty dragon fly nypmh shucks on the rocks. There was a small feeder stream right by this area.

I fished another spot where there was a small feeder stream, and again, there were dozens of empty dragonfly nymph shuck here too.

These were the only places I saw any empty shucks and was just curious if it wasn't just a coincidence that both areas where the nymphs chose to emerge were near feeder streams?

Neat dragonfly observation by Martinlf
Posted by Troutnut on Dec 7, 2006
Last reply on Dec 7, 2006 by Troutnut
Our great discussion of hellgrammites included a very interesting little tangent about the feeding habits of dragonflies which I'm copying into the dragonfly section.

Martinlf wrote:
This is pure trivia, and non-hellgrammite related, but Brett's comments on the discards of bats and nighthawks reminded me of an experience on the Delaware. I was fishing with a guide and we saw several mayfly wing and thorax combos floating along with missing abdomens. At first we hypothesized that a small trout must have bitten the abdomen right off. Then we saw a dragonfly intercept a sulphur mid flight, chew up the abdomen almost instantly, and let the wings and thorax fall, helicoptering like a winged maple seed. This is probably not news to the entomologists here, but some everyday anglers might not have yet noticed this phenomenon. Gonzo, do we have a wing and thorax tie yet?


Gonzo replied:
Louis,

I haven't found trout to be that interested in dragonfly discards, but you never know. I am reminded of an evening on Mud Run when my fishing partner's fly mysteriously ascended skyward, towing a good portion of the tip of his fly line. His fly, while having a minimal effect on the trout we were pursuing, was sufficiently convincing to a large dragonfly--a testament to the powerful flight and lifting capabilities of these insects!


I love watching dragonflies feed on mayflies, but I admit I've never noticed the falling discards. I'll keep an eye out for them next season. A good photo sequence of the phenomenon would be awesome, but I think my photography skills would need to jump several orders of magnitude to capture such a thing in action.
Differentiation b/t Gomphidae and Cordulegastridae
1 replies
Posted by DMM on Nov 26, 2006
Last reply on Nov 29, 2006 by Troutnut
This goes for all Gomphidae. If the prementum is flat, and the animal has 4 segments in each antenna, and two-segmented fore and middle tarsi, and a ligula with no median cleft--Gomphid. The Corduligastridae have a spoon-shaped prementum and a cleft in the middle of toothlike processes on ligula. Now you'll know whenever you catch more Odonata.

Start a Discussion of Odonata-Anisoptera

References

Insect Order Odonata-Anisoptera (Dragonflies)

Taxonomy
Family in Odonata-Anisoptera: Aeshnidae, Cordulegastridae, Gomphidae, Libellulidae
2 families (Corduliidae and Petaluridae) aren't included.
Common Name
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