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Lateral view of a Male Baetis (Baetidae) (Blue-Winged Olive) Mayfly Dun from Mystery Creek #43 in New York
Blue-winged Olives
Baetis

Tiny Baetis mayflies are perhaps the most commonly encountered and imitated by anglers on all American trout streams due to their great abundance, widespread distribution, and trout-friendly emergence habits.

Dorsal view of a Setvena wahkeena (Perlodidae) (Wahkeena Springfly) Stonefly Nymph from Mystery Creek #199 in Washington
As far as I can tell, this species has only previously been reported from one site in Oregon along the Columbia gorge. However, the key characteristics are fairly unmistakable in all except for one minor detail:
— 4 small yellow spots on frons visible in photos
— Narrow occipital spinule row curves forward (but doesn’t quite meet on stem of ecdysial suture, as it's supposed to in this species)
— Short spinules on anterior margin of front legs
— Short rposterior row of blunt spinules on abdominal tergae, rather than elongated spinules dorsally
I caught several of these mature nymphs in the fishless, tiny headwaters of a creek high in the Wenatchee Mountains.
27" brown trout, my largest ever. It was the sub-dominant fish in its pool. After this, I hooked the bigger one, but I couldn't land it.
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White Flies

Like most common names,"White Fly" can refer to more than one taxon. For more detail click through to the scientific names.

Mayfly Family Polymitarcyidae

These are pretty much always called White Flies.
This is the only family of burrowing mayflies, besides Ephemeridae, which is abundant in the United States. All the trout fly fishing action comes from the genus Ephoron, because the other two genera reside in warm waters in the South.

Read about Ephoron for more details.

Mayfly Species Ephoron album

These are pretty much always called White Flies.

Mayfly Species Ephoron leukon

These are pretty much always called White Flies.
See the main Ephoron page for details about this species, which is not known to differ in any important ways (besides location) from the other species.

On page 243 of Hatches II there is a passage from an 1802 speech before the American Philosophical Society in which this mayfly was introduced to science. It was the first mayfly species described in the United States, so it is ironic that it went unnoticed through so many of the early decades of our sport.

References

  • Caucci, Al and Nastasi, Bob. 2004. Hatches II. The Lyons Press.

White Flies

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